Aside from rhinoviruses, there are more than 100 subtypes that cause up to half of all colds. They can infiltrate the protective lining of the nose and throat, triggering an immune system reaction that can make throat sore, suffer headache, and experience difficulty to breathe through the nose.
While getting a chill does not cause a cold, there are factors that make a person more susceptible to attack by cold viruses. These include excessive fatigue, depression, allergies involving nose and throat symptoms, and the middle phase of the menstrual cycle.